Master of Tense





  TENSE  

( āĻ•াāϞ )

āĻ•্āϰি⧟াāϰ āĻ•াāϞ āĻ•ে Tense āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ ৷ 
āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻ•ে Tense āĻŦা āĻ•াāϞ āĻŦāϞে । Tense āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻ•ে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϝা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•িংāĻŦা āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

-: Example :-


1.    I eat rice. (present) āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāχ ৷ (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ)

2.    I ate rice. (past) āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–ে⧟েāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ৷ (āĻ…āϤীāϤ)

3.    I will eat rice. (future) āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāĻŦো৷ (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ)

āĻāĻ–াāύে āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—ুāϞোāϤে āϝāĻĨাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ, āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে।

Types of Tense: (Tense āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ)

PRESENT TENSE (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ) PAST TENSE (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ) FUTURE TENSE (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ)
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense
Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense



-: Example :-


1.      Present Tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ). (What are you presently doing )

2.      Past Tense (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ) .(What you did some time back).

3.      Future Tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻ•াāϞ). (What you will do some time later).
Present Tense 
(āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ)

● (A) Simple Present Tense ●
Or
   Present Indefinite Tense:

āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻšāϝ় āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻ—āϤ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻŦাāϚিāϰāϏāϤ্āϝ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāϝ়।

āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āϚিāύাāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ়:

āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻ, āĻ…, āφ, āχ, āĻ“, āĻāύ, āĻāϏ, āφāύ, āφāϝ় āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Structure:


Subject + Main Verb + Object.


āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ :–  āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāχ – I eat rice.


– āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāχ – I go to school.

– āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāϝ় – He goes to school every day.

– āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦāχ āĻĒāĻĄ় – You read a book.


– āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āϰাāϤ āĻĻāĻļ āϟাāϝ় āϘুāĻŽাāϤে āϝাāϝ় – He goes to bed at ten pm every day.


– āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āωāĻĻিāϤ āĻšāϝ় – The sun rises in the East.

– āϜāϞ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āϏেāύ্āϟ্āϰিāĻ—্āϰেāĻĄে āϜāĻŽাāϟ āĻŦাāϧে – Water freezes at 0° centegrade.


***Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it, āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে s āĻŦা es āĻŦāϏে।

āĻŽāύে āϰেāĻ–ো –


1.    I/we – First Person

2.    You/your – Second person

3.    He/she ,it, they āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āύাāĻŽ – Third Person

● ( B ) Present Continious Tense: ●


 āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϚāϞāĻ›ে āĻŦা āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āϚāϞāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে present continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।


āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āϚিāύাāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ়:

āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻŦা verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻ›ি, āϤেāĻ›, āϤেāĻ›ে, āϤেāĻ›েāύ, āϚ্āĻ›, āϚ্āĻ›ি, āϚ্āĻ›ে, āϚ্āĻ›েāύ, āĻ›ি, āĻ›েāύ, āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
Structure:

Subject + be verb āĻŦা Am/is/are (number āĻ“ person āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻŦāϏāĻŦে)  +verb + ing + object.


āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ:– āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāχāϤেāĻ›ি – I am eating rice.


– āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāχāϤেāĻ›ি – I am going to school.


– āϏে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāχāϤেāĻ›ে – He is going to school.

– āϤুāĻŽি/ āϤোāĻŽāϰা āĻŦāχ āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻ› – You are reading book.

– āφāĻŽি āφāϜ āϰাāϤে āφংāϰাāχāϞে āϝাāĻŦ – I am going to Angrail tonight. (Near future āĻŦা āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ)

– āφāĻĒāύি āĻ•ি āφāϜ āĻŦিāĻ•াāϞে āĻŽীāϟিং āĻ āφāϏāĻ›েāύ – Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon? (Near future)

*** NoteI āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ am āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। He, She, it āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ third person singular number āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ is āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। We, you, they āĻāĻŦং Plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে are āĻŦāϏে।

● ( C ) Present Perfect Tense ● 


āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻļেāώ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āφāĻ›ে (āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ), āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।


āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āϚিāύাāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ়:


āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϝ়াāĻ›, āϝ়াāĻ›ে, āϝ়াāĻ›ি, āϝ়াāĻ›ে, āϝ়াāĻ›েāύ, āϝ়েāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›ি, āχāϝ়াāĻ›ে, āχāϝ়েāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›েāύ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻ•āϰিāύি, āĻ•āϰি āύাāχ, āĻ–াāχāύি, āĻ–াāχ āύাāχ, āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।

Structure:


Subject + have/has + past participle + object.


āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ :  āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāχāϝ়াāĻ›ি – I have eaten rice.



– āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āĻ—িāϝ়েāĻ›ি – I have gone to school.


– āϏে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āĻ—িāϝ়েāĻ›ি – He has gone to school.

– āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāϤ āĻ–াāχāύি – I have not eaten rice.

– āϤাāϰা/āϤাāĻšাāϰা āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰিāϝ়াāĻ›ে – They have done the work.

– āϏে āϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻĒāĻĄ়েāĻ›ে – He/she has studied for hours.

– āϤাāϰা āĻāχāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–েāϞিāϝ়াāĻ›ে – They have just played football.

– āϏে āĻāχāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–েāϞিāϝ়াāĻ›ে – He has just played football.

***Note – I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে have āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।
Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ) āĻŦোāĻাāϞে has āĻŦāϏāĻŦে ।

● ( D)  Present Perfect Continuous Tense



āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āφāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϚāϞāĻ›ে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।


āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āϚিāύাāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ়:


āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻ›, āϤেāĻ›ি,āϤেāĻ›ে, āϤেāĻ›েāύ, āϚ্āĻ›, āϚ্āĻ›ি, āϚ্āĻ›ে, āϚ্āĻ›েāύ, āĻ›্, āĻ›ি্, āĻ›ে্, āĻ›ে্āύ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Structure:


Subject + has been/have been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.



āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ :– āφāĻŽি āĻĻুāχ āĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰিāϤেāĻ›ি – I have been doing this work for two days.


– āϏে āĻĻুāχ āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āϝাāĻŦā§Ž āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻ›ে – He has been reading for two hours. (āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়)
– āϏে āϏāĻ•াāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻ›ে– He has been reading since mourning.

– āϏে āϤিāύ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϝাāĻŦā§Ž āĻāχ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻ›ে – He/She has been reading in this school for three years.

– āĻ›েāϞেāĻŦেāϞা āĻšāϤে āϏে āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰিāϤেāĻ›ে – He has been living here from his boyhood.

– āĻĢাāĻšিāĻŽ āĻ—āϤ āϏোāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ āĻšāχāϤে āϜ্āĻŦāϰে āĻ­ুāĻ—িāϤেāĻ›ে – Fahim has been suffering from fever since sunday last.

***Important NoteSubject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ) āĻŦোāĻাāϞে has been āĻŦāϏāĻŦে । I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে have been āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।


*** Note – 

āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে since āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ point of time (past tense) āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে।

āĻĻিāύ āĻ•িংāĻŦা āĻŦাāϰ āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে since or from āĻšāϝ়।

āϏāĻŦ tense āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে from āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়।

āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে, āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে from āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϝ়।

Period of time āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ•োāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤি āĻŦোāĻাāϤে for āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϝ়।

āĻ•োāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āύেāχ:

āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒোāϏ্āϟ āĻ•āϰুāύ

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